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- Sigmund Freud\u2019s Psychosexual Stage Theory<\/li>\n
- Erik Erikson\u2019s Theory of Psychosocial Development<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/b>Sigmund Freud\u2019s\u00a0Psycho-sexual\u00a0Stage Theory<\/b><\/p>\n
The concept of Id, Ego and Superego was presented by Sigmund Freud, which stated that individuality develops as an infant passes through the life phases and grows into an adult. He believed that every stage in life is important and particularly the childhood experiences. He also suggested that at every stage, human mind has unconscious desires and when those are not appropriately satisfied, it can lead to undesirable lifelong consequences.<\/p>\n
In connection to this, he developed a theory that sexuality starts from very birth and passes through all phases of life until death.<\/p>\n
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<\/a><\/b><\/p>\nFreud\u2019s\u00a0psycho-sexual\u00a0stages\u00a0 <\/b><\/p>\n
According to this theory, there are stages of psychosexual development that influence the personality, life and health of a person. These stages should be completed and one has to move on to the next stage as a normal development process. If this does not happen there occurs a fixation. If there is any fixation at any stage, one can remain trapped in that stage and face adverse consequences during the life course.<\/p>\n
#\u00a0<\/span>The Oral stage \u2013 Birth to 1 year<\/b><\/p>\n
The primary pleasure source is the mouth.<\/p>\n
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- Mouth is used for sucking, eating, sensing and satisfaction.<\/li>\n
- Pleasure is derived from mouthing, sucking, licking, etc to obtain oral stimulation.<\/li>\n
- The child is dependent on caretakers and uses this stage to develop a sense of trust.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The conflict here is to wean the child from the dependence on the caretakers.<\/p>\n
Strong conflicts can result in fixation. If fixation occurs at this stage, the child can have problems with dependency. It can result in behaviour that seeks pleasure through mouth just as it is in this stage.<\/p>\n
Oral fixation can result in two types of personalities like the receptive ones or the aggressive ones.<\/p>\n
Oral Receptive personality \u2013 <\/b>Persons tend to release their stress through activities involving the use of mouth in a receptive manner. They are generally dependent, sensitive and passive. For example, person might get indulged in smoking, drinking, eating or nail biting habits.<\/p>\n
Oral Aggressive personality<\/b> \u2013 Persons tend to be hostile and usually use the mouth for their aggression. For example, verbally abusive persons, those who are easily irritated and people who vocally express their aggression.<\/p>\n
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<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n# The Anal stage \u2013 1-3 years<\/b><\/p>\n
The primary pleasure source is anus and bladder control<\/p>\n
Main focus is controlling the bowel and bladder movements.<\/p>\n
The conflict is toilet training.<\/p>
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<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\nSuccessful toilet training process and gaining control results in feeling of independence and gives a positive feeling to the child. They grow up as more competent and dynamic individuals.<\/p>\n
If fixation occurs during this stage, it can have negative effects on the growth of the child. Parental approach towards toilet training plays an important role in the development of the child\u2019s personality and lasts for later years.<\/p>\n
Anal fixation can result in two types of personalities like retentive ones and the expulsive ones.<\/p>\n
Anal retentive personality \u2013 <\/b>This can occur if the <\/b>toilet training stage is started too early or the child is strictly dealt with or punished for not getting trained. The child can develop as an individual seeking order, neatness and can tend to be obstinate and a perfectionist.<\/p>\n
Anal expulsive personality \u2013 <\/b>This can occur if the toilet training stage is taken too leniently. This can result in child growing up with lack of self-control, being messy, careless and destructive.<\/p>\n
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